In p2p file sharing, a software client on is an user-end PC that requests a file, and portions of the requested file thats on a peers machine that are sent to the client, and then reassembled into a full file of the requested file. The “tracker” server keeps track of where data  copies and resides on peer machines, which ones are available at time of the client request, and helps coordinate efficient transmission and reassembly of the copied file. Clients that have already started downloading a file that communicate with the tracker periodically to negotiate faster file transfer with new peers, and also provides network performance statistics; however, after the initial p2p file download is started, p2p communication can be continued without the connection to a tracker.

Since the creation of the distributed hash table ,the method for “trackerless” torrents, trackers have largely become redundant. However, they are still often included with torrents to improve the speed of peer discovery.

Learn little bit more about p2p network here

TYPES OF TRACKERS

There are mainly to types of tracker they are public tracker and private trackers

Public trackers

Public or open trackers can be accessed by anyone by simply by adding the tracker address to an existing torrent, or they can be used by any newly created torrent, like utorrent etc.

Private trackers

A private tracker is a torrent tracker that restricts it uses by requiring users to register with the site. The method for controlling registration used among many private trackers is an invitation only system, in which active and contribution of members are given the ability to grant a new user permission to register at the site, or a new user goes through a selection process to join the tracker.

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    Browser extension are small modular software at allows the web browsers to do many number of things for example to block ad, modify the cookies and management settings and connection setting

It essentially allows browsers to perform how the users wants and needs by installing the modulus called extensions .

You can download this extensions from the web store of your browser byt some browsers doesn’t support browser extension  for firefox it can be downloads here for chrome here

TOP BROWSER EXTENSIONS :

1.uBLOCK ORIGIN 

By starting this list we have uBlock origin this is the best browser extension that you can have on your browser. It is not just your typical add blocker it can also block script injection on the webpage . it blocks annoying ads as well as the pop up ad that opens when clicked upon the webpage . this is a very small explanation on this amazing browser extension.

2.SKIP REDIRECT

Some websites uses intermediary webpages before redirecting to a final page. This webextension tries to extract the final url from the intermediary url and goes there straight away if successful

If it finds the final redirect link it skips the redirect page and goes to the final destination automatically. You can add exceptions or add additional redirect links etc… it is one the the most useful browser extension that you can have.

3.ZENMATE

Zen mate is a simple vpn browser extension. It is not for becoming secure or anything but it can be used in a pinch if your isp is blocking certain websites. By using this extension you can bypass your isp restriction . I don’t recommend it for privacy focused activities.

4.HTTPSEVERYWHERE

    Httpseverywhere is a simple browser extension that forces the websites to use the encrypted http protocol everywebpages in 2022 have https but it may use the http instead of secure https.

5.FIREFOX COLOR

Firefox color is a must have extension for every person who likes to customize the theme and make it personalized . This provides an easy to use setting to customize the theme color ,as well as export your theme or alter any other premade theme for your own liking.

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    A boot device is any piece of hardware containing the files required for a computer to start

Typically a cd. For many purposes like installing a new operating system or repairing the os or live booting an operating system. But CDs are not convenient. Making a usb drive bootable make it very convenient as well as useful . in this article we wil see how to make usb pendrive into a bootable device

MAKING A BOOTABLE PENDRIVE [Windows]

MAKING BOOTABLE WINDOWS USB PENDRIVE

    Making a bootable windows pendrive is very easy, it doesn’t even require any additional software other than a iso disk mounter .

STEP 1; insert the pendrive in to the computer [AT LEAST 4GB]

STEP 2;format the usb drive to exFat format

STEP 3;Download the windows iso file from the microsoft

STEP 4;mount the iso file using an iso mounting software

STEP 5;Just copy all the contents from the iso into your formatted usb pendrive

MAKING BOOTABLE PENDRIVE OF LINUX OR WINDOWS USING RUFUS;

Rufus is an amazing simple to use utility for creating bootable pendrive for any operating system.

STEP 1; Download rufus from the website

STEP 2; Install it and open the rufus

STEP 3: Insert the usb drive

STEP 4; Select the inserted usb drive [it will automatically select the inserted usb drive]

STEP 5; Select the iso image of the operating system it can be linux iso or windows iso

STEP 6; select the required drive type weather it is for BIOS or UEFI

STEP 7; click start wait until the process is finished

MAKING A BOOTABLE PENDRIVE [LINUX/MACOS]

    Rusfus is not available in other operating system but fortunately there any many other utilities that do the same thing on other operating system. In this article be will be using etcher

Disclaimer etcher cannot create a bootable windows pendrive ,so you need to use the iso mounting and coping method mentioned in the start of the article

  STEP 1; Download the etcher form their website

STEP 2: Install it and open the software

STEP 3; First select the usb drive you need to make it as bootable

STEP 4; Then select the iso image of your choose [not windows iso]

STEP 5; Then just flash wait until the process is completed

If you want to know more about linux and wanted to try out linux distros check out the article about linux

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    In windows command line there is a very powerful drive formatting tool build in it

It can be used to format drive or change the format of a drive or usb to another format as well partition the drive as per the user intended

HOW TO FORMAT A USB DRIVE/HARD DRIVE:

STEP 1:    Open Command Prompt As Administrator

Opening the command prompt.

To Search for command prompt search in taskbar ,and right click or select  run as Administrator from the menu.

STEP 2:Use Diskpart

To use diskpart

Once the command line is open, type ‘diskpart’ in the terminal and press Enter it will open the  diskpart cli utility.

STEP 3:Type List Disk

to list the available disks in the entire system

The above command will open a Diskpart window. In this terminal prompt, type ‘list disk’ and press Enter. It will list all the available drives in the entire system.

Note the drive number of the disk because it will be used in the next step

STEP 4:Select the Drive to Format

To format  a drive.

Now type ‘select disk (disk number)’ Select  the drive number which needs to be formatted by typing “select disk ‘no’ ” this will select the disk.

STEP 5:Clean the Disk

Using the clean function.

In this step, type ‘clean’. This command will format all files and folders within them, and successfully clean up the disk.in after this step the drive become inaccessible

STEP 6:Create Partition Primary

To make a primary partition.

To make the drive access the drive again, type ‘create partition primary’ and press enter

STEP 7:Format the Drive

To Formatting a drive.

The above steps are all same for usb or harddisk but formatting the drive is little bit different from each others

Now format the drive with the NTFS file system. Type ‘format fs=ntfs quick’ and press Enter.

Now format the usb drive with the fat32 file system. Type ‘format fs=fat32 quick’ and press Enter.

Don’t forget to enter quick or it may take long time to format

STEP 8:Assign a Drive Letter

To Assigning a drive letter.

To assign a drive letter, you can type ‘assign’ and enter this will assign a random letter to the newly formatted drive.

STEP 9 : Exiting the diskpart

Type “EXIT” in the prompt

Then type EXIT again to close the cmd

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P2p stands for peer-to-peer network, a group of computers linked together equally for processing data. Unlike traditional client-server networking, no devices in a P2P network are designated solely to serve or to receive data. Each connected machine has the same rights as its “peers”, and can be used for the same purposes.

If you want to know about the in depth workings of the p2p network checkout the wikipedia article about it

What are the Benefits of Using a P2P Network?

P2P networking has a number of benefits. As an example, in a normal  client-server network model, if a single server goes down or crashes, it normally takes the whole network along . But in a P2P network , if a single peer goes down, then the others on the network need to do its job without any trouble and reallocate the network . They also help make sure that the  network traffic doesn’t get bottlenecked at one device, since traffic is distributed across many computers. Since there are not centralized servers then the downloading can be done with little privacy

It has some inherent security risks like malware from downloaded files or an cyber router attack but every network have there own issues and so do the p2p network.

How to Join A P2P Network?

Joining a p2p network is very easy then you think torrent is a very best example of p2p network because a file is downloaded from peers connected to the network

Conclusion: The Good and the Bad of Peer-to-Peer Networks

Peer to peer network is an amazing network invented by the american programmer Bram Cohen  for sharing of digital medium in a decentralized way it also have many other purpose .but in recent years the p2p have a bad rep because of it dominant use in pirating media as well as software .because of its advantage then normal client server network taking down a file from p2p network is very hard. The way the users use it should be important because the p2p network has greater potential .

In feature we will publish the best sites for downloading files using a p2p client.

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If you want to try linux checkout this article of best linux distro in 2022 .as well as check out other linux command series here

1.vim

vim is a free and open source terminal text editor that’s in use since the ’90s. It lets users to edit plain text files using efficient keybindings.

Some people thinks it is difficult to use but exiting Vim is one of the most-viewed questions but once you get used to it, it becomes your best ally in the command line.

2.suble

Its an alternate gui text editor,it is the command line command to open a file in the popular sublime text editor it is a gui text editor .but you need to install the sublime text editor to use this command

3.which

The which command prints the full path of shell commands. If it can’t recognize the given command, it’ll throw an error.

For eg, we can use this to check the folder path for Python

4.shred

If you want a file to be impossible to recover,then  shred can help you with this task. This command rewrites the contents of a file again and again until the final result becomes extremely difficult to recover.

5.whoami

The whoami command (stands for “who am i”) displays the username currently in use

6.whatis

whatis simple prints a single-line description of any other command, making it a helpful reference:

It gives a single line definition for the  command or programs .

7.wc

Wc stands for “word count,” and as the name suggests, it returns the number of words in a text document or a text file:

wc long.txt

# 37 207 1000 long.txt

Let’s breakdown the output of this command:

• 37 lines
• 207 words
• 1000 byte-size
• The name of the file (long.txt)

If you only need the number of words in the file, use the -w flag:

wc -w long.txt

8.uname

uname(short for “Unix name”) prints the operative system information, which comes in handy when you know your current Linux version.

Most of the time, you’ll be using the -a (–all) flag, since the default output isn’t that useful:

9.neofetch

Neofetch is a command-line interface tool that allows users to display information about your system — like shell,kerbal  version and hardware information — next to an ASCII logo of your Linux distro:

10.wget

World Wide Web get is a utility that allows the user to  retrieve content from the internet. It has one of the largest option flags available.

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        Hacking others without their consent is punishable by law the exception are for security reasons and ethical hacking so this article is for purely for educational purposes

WHAT IS HACKING ?

                Hacking is a process of gaining access to the host computer by exploiting weakness and security vulnerabilities in the network. There are mainly two types of hackers black hat hackers and white hat hackers .

Black hat hacker- this type of hacker hacks into the system with malicious intent like stealing information to sell or for blackmailing or just to sabatosh the system.

White hat hackers-this type of hacker hacks the system to know the weakness and tell the owner of the system / network about its weakness and help them rectify the vulnerabilities these hackers are employed by security companies as well as governments

TOOLS:

                Hacking tools are just computer programs that are used to crack or break the security of the computer system  and networks by exploiting the known vulnerabilities. There are many hacking tools created for different purposes. These tools make pentesting and hacking easy

So in this article we are going to see top 5 ethical hacking tools most of the tools are used in linux so if you want to know about linux check out the article about linux and if you want to know about what distro to use check out best distor in 2022

TOP ETHICAL HACKING TOOLS IN 2022:

This list does not follow any particular order because each tool has its own purpose

1.Nmap (Network Mapper)

    Nmap is basically a network mapper capable of discovering services and hosts on a particular network, thereby creating a network map. This software provides several features that help in searching  computer networks,and host discovery as well as detection of operating systems it runs, etc. Being script-extendible it provides advanced vulnerability detection and it can also adapt to network conditions like congestion and latency while scanning.

2.Metasploit

    Metasploit is one of the most well known frameworks and it is open-source. This is used to penetrate testing and exploit remote target in hacking  some of the features of metasploit are it is open-source as well as cross-platform

3.Aircrack-Ng

    Wireless network usage is rising, so it’s becoming very  important to keep Wi-Fi secure. Aircrack-Ng provides ethical hackers a list of command-line tools that can check and evaluate Wi-Fi network security. Aircrack-Ng specializes in attacking, monitoring, testing, and cracking. This tool supports Windows, OS X, Linux, eComStation, as well as many other operating system

4.Wireshark

    Wireshark is a great tool that is used  for analyzing data packets and can also be used to perform deep checking of a large number of established protocols. You can also export analysis reports  to many different file formats like PostScript, Plaintext, and XML CSV.

Its feature set includes offline analysis ,cross-platform support etc..

5.SQLMap

    SQLMap is an open-source tool that allows users to automate detecting and exploiting SQL Injection flaws and taking control of database servers. it can be used to connect directly with specific databases. SQLMap supports many different  SQL injection techniques

Features of sqlmap are it has a powerful detection engine ,supports execution of arbitrary commands

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If you want to know little bit about linux check the history of linux article in here

What is a linux distro

    Linux distro

        A Linux distribution, often shortened to Linux distro, is an operating system compiled from components developed by various open source projects and programmers. Each distribution includes the Linux kernel (the foundation of the operating system), the GNU shell utilities (the terminal interface and commands), the X server (for a graphical desktop), the desktop environment, a package management system, an installer and other services. Many components are developed independently from each other and are distributed in source code form. Distros also include an Internet browser, management tools and other software such as the KVM hypervisor. A single Linux distribution may contain thousands of software packages, utilities and applications.

 The Best Linux Distros for Beginners

Ubuntu

If people think of alternative operating system other than macos or windows they probably think about ubuntu. it is the most used linux distro that is because of many reasons it has one of the biggest community that is very much active .many other distro are also based on ubuntu so the command you learn as well as the working of this operating system then you can use it on othe operating system distro based on ubuntu .there are many flavor of ubuntu they all the same except the desktop environment .vanila ubuntu come with GNOME desktop environment xubuntu come with xfce desktop environment .whatever you chose it will work great if your system have low specification then choose xubuntu it is very stable .

Best looking linux distros

    Elementary os

        Elementary os is my operating system of choose because it has arguably best looking and polished user interface compare to any other linux distros it used its own environment called pantheon it does require some decent specification for the machine but it is very smooth and very enjoyable to use and also it is based on LTS version of ubuntu and so it is very easy to learn and use it as daily driver

Click here to see the official elementary os website

Best distro for gaming 

    Pop os       

Pop os is the best operating system for gaming among all the available linux distro.because it come with all the necessary drivers for the system as well as dedicated drivers for nivida graphic card and all the drivers and components are up to date.this used modified GNOME desktop environment called cosmos .pop os is based on ubuntu this runs on most devices without any problem but if you focus on gaming then the requirement s may vary.

Best distro for pen testing (HACKING)

    Kali linux

If you heard of hacking then you probably heard of kali linux it is the tools for cybersecurity it comes with many hacking ,pentesting tools pre installed in the operating system.the kali linux is often live boot in a pen drive but it can also be installed normally but i don’t recommend it for daily driving the focus of this operating system is for security research and testing and not for the daily usage .it is also based on debian.it used xfce desktop environment ,this operating system need light system specification to run.   

if you want to learn about terminal commands check out the basic linux command for beginners article

Conclusion

    There are lots of linux distro.there is a distro for everyone and for every need the main thing is to try out different distros and learn about it and use it until you find it .this article just show the best in may not be for others but what majority people consider best in each categories try it if you don’t like it then just install another disto .because the linux operating system is free and open source the user can do whatever they want in the linux operating system.

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So here are something that you should definitely try out with your jailbroken device 

Now you can install application and tweaks from third party developers 

Here is the link to the jailbreaking community on reddit

This blog will show you first thing should be done after you jailbroke your device

update your existing packages ;

The first thing you should do is to update your package from your package manager

This will provide the best experience

HOW TO ADD REPO TO THE PACKAGE MANAGER

Repo are like addition source to the package manager,package manager comes with some default repo but in ored to get apps and extension from other the developer of these apps and tweaks may have there own repo or save it in another repo for their convenience

Step 1:open cydia on the bottom click on the  source tab

Step 2:In the source tab press the edit button

Step 3:And press the add button

Step 4:Then enter the repo link in the field and press ok add source(cydia will go into command line like interface it will load then click return to cydia once the process is completed)

This this are not in particular order

1.Install newer package manager  :

Most jailbreak exploit come with cydia as its default package manager but to be honest cydia feels     very much outdated look wise as well as it functional wise it lacks many thing compare to modern package managers available for the device

My recommendation is Installer 5 this is a modern manager for jailbroken devices

Available from apptapp repo(https://apptapp.me/repo/)

2.install appsync unified 

AppSync Unified is a tweak that allows users to freely install altered, fakesigned, or unsigned IPA app packages on their iOS devices that iOS may otherwise consider invalid app packages

Some popular use cases include:

• Installing freely-distributed applications that are not available from the apple App Store without having to re-sign the app every 7 days (if the user does not have a subscribe to the Apple Developer Program)
• Assisting in the development of iOS applications with Xcode
• Cloning or downgrading already-installed apps

By using it you can easily install apps without needing to re-sign using methods like altstore etc..

If you don’t want to jailbreak your device just to sideload check out how to side load without jailbreking your device

Repo: https://cydia.akemi.ai/

3.installing custom themes :

This is a very personal and fun aspect of the jailbroken device people often jailbreak there device so that they can change the boring iphone user interface

There is an easy way to theme the entire device by installing snowboard

Snowboard:

Snowboard is a theme engine for jailbroken devices that can change the entire feel and aesthetics of your device completely to unlock its full potential. You need to install its extension so that you can change different parts of the device, for example the icon extension used to change the icons ,dock,menu bar extension . if you only want to change icon then install only the icons extensions

Themes and icons packs are available from the packet manager under themes section

My favorite repo for fonts and themes (https://evynw.github.io/)

4.Installing filza

Filza is one of the essential tools for the jailbroken device,filza is a powerful file manager for the iphone it allow access to the root file of your device     which is not available for non jailbroken devices it also includes unzipping,copy,paste file creation etc…

Filza is a paid software but don’t worry there is no need to pay for it to use the full functionality of the software

Filza is is available from the repo :Bigboss repo

5.insatall icleaner :

Icleaner is a cleaning utility for ios device which scan the entire root system and find duplicate, unused dependency ,remaining ota update and remove them it give lot of storage of the iphone with we really need

These are some of the things you must do when you first do. We will see tweaks and apps you must have as well as tips and tricks for your jailbroken device  soon in our blog posts .

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